Voltaire

Story of a Good Brahmin

translated by H. I. Woolf

 

For an introduction to Voltaire, check out one of the following:

 

On my travels I met an old Brahmin, a very wise man, of marked intellect and great learning.  Furthermore, he was rich and consequently, all the wiser, because, lacking nothing, he needed to deceive nobody.  His household was very well managed by three handsome women who set themselves out to please him.  When he was not amusing himself with his women, he passed the time in philosophizing.  Near his house, which was beautifully decorated and had charming gardens attached, there lived a narrow-minded old Indian woman:  she was a simpleton, and rather poor.

     Said the Brahmin to me one day:  "I wish I had never been born!"  On my asking why, he answered:  "I have been studying forty years, and that is forty years wasted.  I teach others and myself am ignorant of everything.  Such a state of affairs fills my soul with so much humiliation and disgust that my life is intolerable.  I was born in Time, I leve in Time, and uyet I do not know what Time is.  I am at a point between two eternities, as our wise men say, and I have no conception of eternity.  I am composed of matter:  I think, but I have never been able to learn what produces my thought.  I do not know whether or no my understanding is a simple faculty inside me, such as those of walking and digesting, and whether or no I think with my head as I grip with my hands.  Not only is the cause of my thought unknown to me:  the cause of my actions is equally a mystery.  I do not know why I exist, and yet every day people ask me questions on all these points.  I have to reply, and as I have nothing really worth saying I talk a great deal, and am ashamed of myself afterward for having talked."

     "It is worse still when I am asked if Brahma was born of Vishnu or if they are both eternal.  God is my witness that I have not the remotest idea, and my ignorance shows itself in my replies.  "Ah, Holy One," people say to me, "tell us why evil pervades the earth."  I am in as great a difficulty as those who ask me this question.  Sometimes I tell them that everything is as well as can be, but those who have been ruined and broken in the wars do not believe a word of it -- and no more do I.  I retire to my home stricken at my own curiosity and ignorance.  I read our ancient books, and they double my darkness.  I talk to my companions:  some answer me that we must enjoy life and make game of mankind; others think they know a lot and lose themselves in a maze of wild ideas.  Everything increases my anguish.  I am ready sometimes to despair when I think that after all my seeking I do not know whence I came, whither I go, what I am nor what I shall become."

     The same day I saw the old woman who lived near him.  I asked her if she had ever been troubled by the thought that she was ignorant of the nature of her soul.  She did not even understand my question.  Never in all her life had she reflected for one single moment on one single point of all those which tormented the Brahmin.  She believed will all her heart in the metamorphoses of Vishnu and, provided she could obtain a little Ganges water wherewith to wash herself, thought herself the happiest of women.

     Struck with this mean creature's happiness, I returned to my wretched philosopher.  "Are you not ashamed," said I, "to be unhappy when at your very door there lives an old automaton who things about nothing, and yet lives contentedly?"

     "You are right," he replied.  "I have told myself a hundred times that I should be happy if I were as brainless as my neighbor, and yet I do not desire such happiness."

     My Brahmin's answer impressed me more than all the rest.  I set to examining myself, and I saw that in truth I would not care to be happy at the price of being a simpleton.

     I put the matter before some philosophers, and they were of my opinion.  "Nevertheless," said I, "there is a tremendous contradiction in this mode of thought, for, after all, the problem is -- how to be happy.  What does it matter whether one has brains or not?  Further, those who are contented with their lot are certain of their contentment, whereas those who reason are not certain that they reason correctly.  It is quite clear, therefore," I continued, "that we must choose not to have common sense, however little common sense may contribute to our discomfort."  Everyone agreed with me, but I found nobody, notwithstanding, who was willing to accept the bargain of becoming a simpleton in order to become contented.  From which I conclude that if we consider the question of happiness we must consider still more the question of reason.

     But on reflection it seems that to prefer reason to felicity is to be very senseless.  How can this contradiction be explained?  Like all the other contradictions.  It is a matter for much talk.

  Suggestions are welcome.  Please send your comments to lyman@ksu.edu .

   The text of from H. I. Woolf's translation of Voltaire's works (London:  John Lane at the Bodley Head, 1926).  This translation of the story may also be found in Voltaire, The Portable Voltaire, with a critical Introduction and Notes by Ben Ray Redman (New York:  Viking, 1949), pp. 436-38.  It is  reproduced here under fair use doctrine for use in English 320 only. 

  This page last updated 03 November 2003 .