Coccidia (Eimeria and Isospora) of Xenarthra

Compiled by
Donald W. Duszynski and Lee Couch
Department of Biology, University of New Mexico
and
Steve J. Upton
Division of Biology, Kansas State University

Supported by NSF-PEET DEB 9521687

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Updated: 21 December 2000
Comments: eimeria@unm.edu
or coccidia@ksu.edu


FAMILY: Dasypodidae (armadillos)

    "Coccidia" of Diniz, Costa, and Oliveira, 1997
    1. Hosts: Five different species of armadillos were studied. Dasypus novemcinctus (Nine-banded armadillo), Euphractus sexcinctus (Six-banded armadillo), Cabassous sp. (Naked-tailed armadillo), Tolypeutis sp. (Three-banded armadillo), and Priodontes maximus (Giant armadillo). Whether one or more of these species were infected was never noted.
    2. Reference: Diniz et al. 1997
    3. Remarks: Although the authors only provided the generic designation for the Cabassous sp., the common name given was "Greater naked-tailed armadillo." This should represent Cabassous tatouay.

    Eimeria dacunhai Levine, 1984
    1. Synonym: Eimeria tatusi of Carini, 1933, nomen preocc
    2. non Eimeria tatusi da Cunha and Torres, 1924
    3. Host: Cabassous sp. (a Naked-tailed armadillo)
    4. References: Carini 1933, 1934; Levine 1984

    Eimeria (?) tatusi (da Cunha and Torres, 1924) Levine, 1984 nomen nudum
    1. Synonym: Globidium tatusi da Cunha and Torres, 1924
    2. Host: Dasypus novemcinctus (syn. Cabassus novemcinctus) (Nine-banded armadillo)
    3. References: da Cunha and Torres, 1924, 1926
    4. NOTE: This species was named solely on the presence of intestinal meronts

    Eimeria (?) travassosi da Cunha and Muniz, 1928, nomen nudum
    1. Hosts: Dasypus hybridus (Southern lesser long-nosed armadillo), Euphractus sexcinctus (Six-banded armadillo)
    2. References: da Cunha and Muniz 1928; Doflein and Reichenow 1953; Reichenow and Carini 1937
    3. NOTE: This species was named solely on the presence of meronts and gametes


FAMILY: Myrmecophagidae (anteaters)

    Eimeria corticulata Lainson and Shaw, 1990
    1. Host: Tamandua tetradactyla (Lesser anteater)
    2. Reference: Lainson & Shaw 1990

    Eimeria cyclopei Lainson and Shaw, 1982
    1. Host: Cyclopes didactylus (Silky anteater)
    2. Reference: Lainson and Shaw 1982

    Eimeria escomeli (Rastegaieff, 1930) Levine and Becker, 1933
    1. Host: Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Giant anteater)
    2. References: Gardner et al. 1991; Levine and Becker 1930; Rastegaiff 1930

    Eimeria marajoensis Lainson and Shaw, 1991
    1. Host: Tamandua tetradactyla (Lesser anteater)
    2. Reference: Lainson and Shaw 1991

    Eimeria spp. of Diniz, Costa, and Oliveira, 1995
    1. Host: Both Tamandua tetradactyla (Lesser anteater) and Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Giant anteaster) were examined but whether one or both were infected was never mentioned.
    2. Reference: Diniz et al. 1995

    Eimeria tamanduae Lainson, 1968
    1. Host:Tamandua tetradactyla (Lesser anteater)
    2. Reference: Lainson 1968

    Eimeria tenggilingi Else and Colley, 1976
    1. Host: Manis javanica (Scaly anteater)
    2. Reference: Else and Colley 1976


FAMILY: Megalonychidae (sloths)

    "Coccidia" of Diniz and Oliveira, 1999
    1. Hosts: Both Bradypus tridactylus (Three-toed sloth) and Choloepus didactylus (Two-toed sloth) were mentioned but whether one or both species were infected was never noted.
    2. Reference: Diniz & Oliveira 1999

    Eimeria choloepi Lainson and Shaw, 1982
    1. Host: Choloepus didactylus (Two-toed sloth)
    2. Reference: Lainson and Shaw 1982

    "Unsporulated oocysts" of Schmidt, Duszynski, and Martin, 1992
    1. Host: Nothrotheriops shastensis (Shasta ground sloth)
    2. Reference: Schmidt et al. 1992
    3. NOTE: Two types of unsporulated oocysts were found in coprolites and a new genus, Archeococcidia, created

References

Carini, A. 1933. Sur deux nouvelles Eimeria rencontrees dans l'intestine d'un jeune tatou. Annales de Parasitologie humaine et Comparee 11: 469-471.

Carini, A. 1934. Formes de multiplication des Eimeria rencontress chez un jeune tatou. Annales de Parasitologie humaine et Comparee 12: 58-60.

da Cunha, A.M. and Muniz, J. 1928. Sur un nouveau sporozoaire, parasite du tatou. Comptes Rendues des Societe Bresilienne de Biologie 98: 624-627.

da Cunha, A.M. and Torres, C. de M. 1924. Sur un nouveau Globidium, G. tatusi Cunha e Torres, 1923, parasite de l'armadillo. Comptes Rendus des Societe Bresilienne de Biologie 90: 242.

da Cunha, A.M. and Torres, C. de M. 1926. On a new parasitic sporozoon from the armadillo Globidium tatusi, Cunha et Torres. Memoirias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 19: 19-30.

Diniz, L.S.M., and Oliveira, P.M.A. 1999. Clinical problems of sloths (Bradypus sp. and Choloepus sp.) in captivity. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 30: 76-80.

Diniz, L.S.M., Costa, E.O., Oliveira, P.M.A. 1995. Clinical disorders observed in anteaters (Myrmecophagidae, Edentata) in captivity. Veterinary Research Communications 19: 409-415

Diniz, L.S.M., Costa, E.O., Oliveira, P.M.A. 1997. Clinical disorders in armadillos (Dasypodidae, Edentata) in captivity. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Reiche B 44: 577-582.

Doflein, F. and Reichenow, E. 1953. Lehrbuch der Protozoenkunde. Veb Gustav Fisher Verlag, Jena.

Else, J.G. and Colley, F.C. 1976. Eimeria tenggilingi sp. n. from the scaly anteater Manis javanica Desmarest in Malaysia. Journal of Protozoology 23: 487-488.

Gardner, S.L., Upton, S.J., Lambert, C.R., and Jordan, O.C. 1991. Redescription of Eimeria excomeli (Rastegaieff, 1930) from Myrmecophaga tridactyla, and a first report from Bolivia. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 58: 16-18.

Lainson, R. 1968. Parasitological studies in British Honduras III.--Some coccidial parasites of mammals. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 62: 252-266.

Lainson, R. and Shaw, J.J. 1982. Coccidia of Brazilian edentates: Eimeria cyclopei from the silky anteater, Cyclopes didactylus (linn.) and Eimeria choloepi n. sp. from the two-toed sloth, Choloepus didactylus (Linn.). Systematic Parasitology 4: 269-278.

Lainson, R. and Shaw, J.J. 1990. Coccidia of Brzilian mammals: Eimeria corticulata n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the nteater Tamandua tetradactyla (Xenarthra: Myrmecophagidae) and Eimeria zygodontonyis n. sp. from the cane mouse Zygodontomys lasiurus (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Journal of Protozoology 37: 51-54.

Lainson, R. and Shaw, J.J. 1991. Coccidia of Brazilian Mammals: Eimeria marajoensis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the anteater, Tamandua tetradactyla (Xenarthra: Myrmecophagidae). Journal of Protozoology 38: 28-30.

Levine, N.D. 1984. Nomenclatural corrections and new taxa in the Apicomplexan protozoa. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society 103: 195-204.

Levine, N.D. and Becker, E.R. 1930. A catalog and host-index of the species of the coccidian genus Eimeria. Iowa State College Journal of Science 8: 83-106.

Rastegaiff, F.E.F. 1930. Sur Frage uber Coccidien wilder Tiere. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 71: 377-404.

Reichenow, E. and Carini, A. 1937. Uber Eimeria travassosi und die Gattung Globidium. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 88: 374-386.

Schmidt, G.D., Duszynski, D.W., and Martin, P.S. 1992. Parasites of the extinct Shasta ground sloth, Nothrotheriops shastensis, in Rampart Cave, Arizona. Journal of Parasitology 78: 811-816.