Bloom's Classification of Cognitive Skills

Recognition

Identifying

Locating knowledge in long-term memory that is consistent with presented material (e.g., Recognize the dates of important events in U.S. history)

Recalling

Retrieving

Retrieving relevant knowledge from long-term memory (e.g., Recall the dates of important events in U.S. history)

Interpreting

Clarifying, paraphrasing, representing, translating

Changing from one form of representation (e.g., numerical) to another (e.g., verbal) (e.g., Paraphrase important speeches and documents)

Exemplifying

Illustrating, instantiating

Finding a specific example or illustration of a concept or principle (e.g., Give examples of various artistic painting styles)

Classifying

Categorizing, subsuming

Determining that something belongs to a category (e.g., concept or principle) (e.g., Classify observed or described cases of mental disorders)

Summarizing

Abstracting, generalizing

Abstracting a general theme or major point(s) (e.g., Write a short summary of the events portrayed on a videotape)

Inferring

Concluding, extrapolating, interpolating, predicting

Drawing a logical conclusion from presented information (e.g., In learning a foreign language, infer grammatical principles from examples)

Comparing

Contrasting, mapping, matching

Detecting correspondences between two ideas, object, and the like (e.g., Compare historical events to contemporary situations)

Explaining

Constructing models

Constructing a cause-and-effect model of a system (e.g., Explain the causes of important 18^th-century events in France)

Executing

Carrying out

Applying a procedure to a familiar task (e.g., Divide one whole number by another whole number, both with multiple digits)

Implementing

Using

Applying a procedure to an unfamiliar task (e.g., Use Newton’s Second Law in situations in which it is appropriate)