Dr. Takashi Ito

Professor

B.S., University of Tokyo, Japan (1993),
Mentor: Prof. Yoshio Umezawa
M.S., University of Tokyo, Japan (1995),
Mentor: Prof. Yoshio Umezawa
Ph.D., University of Tokyo, Japan (1998),
Mentor: Prof. Yoshio Umezawa
Research Associate, Tokyo University of Science (1998-2001),
Mentor: Prof. Yuko Hasegawa
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Texas A&M University (2001-4),
Mentor: Prof. Richard M. Crooks

Office: KG 303
Email: ito@ksu.edu
Office Phone: 785-532-1451
Fax: 785-532-6666

Ito Group

Dr. Ito's CV

List of publications

Analytical Chemistry, Nanomaterials, Electrochemistry, and Micro-/Nanofluidics

Research Overview

Our research interests involve development of new sensing techniques based on nanomaterials such as nanoporous materials and ultrathin films for chemical and biological targets of medical and environmental interests. Additionally, we strive to understand the sensing mechanisms of such techniques and to incorporate such sensors into microfluidic devices.

Nanomaterials, including nanoparticles (1-100 nm in diameter), nanopores (2-1000 nm in pore diameter) and ultrathin films (1-1000 nm thick), are known to have unique physical and chemical characteristics that are applicable for new separation and detection principles. Their nanometer-scale size is comparable to biological macromolecules such as DNA and proteins, and thus can be used to recognize chemical and biological species with unique selectivity, and in favorable cases, to recognize individual molecular species. These features of nanomaterials can provide a means to develop unique sensing techniques that cannot be easy achieved using conventional techniques. In addition, because of their small size, sensing devices based on such materials can be easily incorporated into µm~nm-scale analytical devices known as microfluidic (Lab-on-a-chip) devices.

Our recent research achievements include (A) fabrication of novel nanostructured materials of controlled morphological and chemical properties (Figure 1: (a) AFM image of a nanoporous film derived from block copolymer, PS-b-PMMA [1]; (b) SEM image of nanoporous gallium oxide prepared via anodization of solid gallium [2,3]), (B) single-molecule fluorescence studies of molecular diffusion within cylindrical block copolymer microdomains, in collaboration with Dr. Higgins (KSU, Chemistry) (Figure 2: fluorescence microscopy video of single sulforhodamine B molecules diffusing within cylindrical PEO microdomains in a PS-b-PEO film [4-6]), (C) electrochemical investigation of electron propagation through nanopore-tethered ferrocene moieties (Figure 3: [7,8]) and (D) demonstration of chemical sensing capabilities of nanoporous films (Figure 4: [9,10]). Ultimately, our research will lead to integration of the nanostructured separation/sensing materials with compact devices for practical medical and environmental purposes. These research procedures demonstrate that our research will have an impact on many fundamental aspects of analytical, physical and material chemistry as well as on developing practical analytical devices

Publications

Original Papers, Accounts (Peer-Reviewed Publications)

70. K.-H. Tran-Ba, D. A. Higgins, T. Ito "Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching and Single-Molecule Tracking Measurements of Anisotropic Diffusion within Identical Regions of a Cylinder-Forming Diblock Copolymer Film", Anal. Chem. 2015, 87, 5802-5809.

69. D. A. Higgins, S. C. Park, K.-H. Tran-Ba, T. Ito "Single-Molecule Investigations of Morphology and Mass Transport Dynamics in Nanostructured Materials", Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071114-040153.

68. K. C. Robben, K.-H. Tran-Ba, T. Ito, D. A. Higgins "Trajectory-Profile-Guided Single Molecule Tracking for Assignment of One-Dimensional Diffusion Trajectories", Anal. Chem. 2014, 86, 10820-10827.

67. K.-H. Tran-Ba, D. A. Higgins, T. Ito "Single-Molecule Tracking Studies of Flow-Induced Microdomain Alignment in Cylinder-Forming Polystyrene-Poly(ethylene oxide) Diblock Copolymer Films", J. Phys. Chem. B 2014, 118, 11406-11415.

66. B. Pandey, C. B. Cox, P. S. Thapa, T. Ito "Potentiometric Response Characteristics of Oxide-Coated Gallium Electrodes in Aqueous Solutions", Electrochim. Acta 2014, 142, 378-385.

65. T. Ito "Block Copolymer-Derived Monolithic Polymer Films and Membranes Comprising Self-Organized Cylindrical Nanopores for Chemical Sensing and Separations" (Focus Review), Chem.–Asian J. 2014, 9, 2708-2718.

64. H. Xu, C. J. Minter, S. Nagasaka, T. Ito, D. A. Higgins "Elongation, Alignment and Guided Electrophoretic Migration of ds-DNA in Flow-Aligned Hexagonal F127 Gels", J. Phys. Chem. B 2014, 118, 4151-4159.

63. F. Li, T. Ito "Complexation-Induced Control of Electron Propagation Based on Bounded Diffusion through Nanopore-Tethered Ferrocenes", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 16260-16263.

62. D. A. Higgins, K.-H. Tran-Ba, T. Ito "Following Single Molecules to a Better Understanding of Self-Assembled One-Dimensional Nanostructures" (Perspective), J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2013, 4, 3095-3103.

61. R. Pramanik, T. Ito, D. A. Higgins "Molecular Length Dependence of Single Molecule Wobbling within Surfactant and Solvent Filled Silica Mesopores", J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 15438-15446.

60. C. A. Morris, C.-C. Chen, T. Ito, L. A. Baker "Local pH Measurement with Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy", J. Electrochem. Soc. 2013, 160, H430-H435.

59. S. C. Park, T. Ito, D. A. Higgins "Single Molecule Tracking Studies of Flow-Aligned Mesoporous Silica Monoliths: Aging-Time Dependence of Pore Order", J. Phys. Chem. B 2013, 117, 4222-4230.

58. C. M. De Silva, B. Pandey, F. Li, T. Ito "Adsorption of Primary Substituted Hydrocarbons onto Solid Gallium Substrates", Langmuir 2013, 29, 4568-4573.

57. R. Pramanik, T. Ito, D. A. Higgins "Single Molecule Wobbling in Cylindrical Mesopores", J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 3668-3673.

56. F. Li, B. Pandey, T. Ito "Linker-Based Control of Electron Propagation through Ferrocene Moieties Covalently Anchored onto Insulator-Based Nanopores Derived from a Polystyrene-Poly(methylmethacrylate) Diblock Copolymer", Langmuir 2012, 28, 16496-16500.

55. B. Pandey, P. S. Thapa, D. A. Higgins, T. Ito "Formation of Self-Organized Nanoporous Anodic Oxide from Metallic Gallium", Langmuir 2012, 28, 13705-13711.

54. K.-H. Tran-Ba, J. J. Finley, D. A. Higgins, T. Ito "Single Molecule Tracking Studies of Millimeter-Scale Cylindrical Domain Alignment in Polystyrene–Poly(ethylene oxide) Diblock Copolymer Films Induced by Solvent Vapor Penetration", J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 1968-1973.

53. A. W. Kirkeminde, T. Torres, T. Ito, D. A. Higgins "Multiple Diffusion Pathways in Pluronic F127 Mesophases Revealed by Single Molecule Tracking and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy", J. Phys. Chem. B 2011, 115, 12736-12743.

52. F. Li, R. Diaz, T. Ito "Quantitative Investigation of Surface Functionalization of Cylindrical Nanopores Derived from Polystyrene-Poly(methylmethacrylate) Diblock Copolymers", RSC Adv. 2011, 1, 1732-1736.

51. B. Pandey, K. H. Tran Ba, Y. Li, R. Diaz, T. Ito "Electrochemical Study of the Diffusion of Cytochrome c within Nanoscale Pores Derived from Cylinder-Forming Polystyrene-Poly(methylmethacrylate) Diblock Copolymers" Electrochim. Acta 2011, 56, 10185-10190.

50. D. M. N. T Perera, B. Pandey, T. Ito "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Studies of Organic-Solvent-Induced Permeability Changes in Nanoporous Films Derived from a Cylinder-Forming Diblock Copolymer", Langmuir 2011, 27, 11111-11117.

49. K. H. Tran Ba, T. A. Everett, T. Ito, D. A. Higgins “Trajectory Angle Determination in One Dimensional Single Molecule Tracking Data by Orthogonal Regression Analysis”, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 1827-1835.

48. F. Li, E. Shishkin, M. A. Mastro, J. K. Hite, C. R. Eddy, Jr., J. H. Edgar, T. Ito "Photopolymerization of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Diacetylenic Alkylphosphonic Acids on Group-III Nitride Substrates", Langmuir 2010, 26, 10725-10730.

47. D. M. N. T. Perera, S. Nagasaka, T. Ito "pH-Dependent Voltammetric Responses of Microdisk Gold Electrodes Modified with Thiotic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayers", Supramol. Chem. 2010, 22, 450-454.

46. T. Ito, I. Grabowska, S. Ibrahim "Chemical Force Microscopy for Materials Characterization: Investigations of Host-Guest Interactions and Polymer Surface Chemistry" Trends Anal. Chem. 2010, 29, 225-233.

45. D. M. N. T. Perera, T. Ito "Cyclic Voltammetry on Recessed Nanodisk-Array Electrodes Prepared from Track-Etched Polycarbonate Membranes with 10-nm Diameter Pores", Analyst 2010, 135, 172-176.

44. S. Ibrahim, T. Ito "Surface Chemical Properties of Nanoscale Domains on UV-Treated Polystyrene-Poly(methylmethacrylate) Diblock Copolymer Films Studied Using Scanning Force Microscopy", Langmuir 2010, 26, 2119-2123.

43. P. Gamage, K. Lovell, M. T. Basel, M. R. Pokhrel, D. Battle, T. Ito, M. Pavlenok, M. Niederweis, S. H. Bossmann "Poly-N-Isopropylacrylamide/Acrylic Acid Copolymers for the Generation of Nanostructures at Mica Surfaces and as Hydrophobic Host Systems for the Porin MspA from Mycobacterium smegmatis", J. Phys. Chem. C 2009, 113, 16485-16494.

42. K. H. Tran Ba, M. A. Mastro, J. K. Hite, C. R. Eddy, Jr., T. Ito "Nitrogen-Polar Gallium Nitride Substrates as Solid-State pH-Selective Potentiometric Sensors", Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95, 142501.

41. H. C. Maire, S. Ibrahim, Y. Li, T. Ito "Effects of Substrate Roughness on the Orientation of Cylindrical Domains in Thin Films of a Polystyrene-Poly(methylmethacrylate) Diblock Copolymer Studied Using Atomic Force Microscopy and Cyclic Voltammetry", Polymer 2009, 50, 2273-2280.

40. Y. Li, T. Ito "Size-Exclusion Properties of Nanoporous Films Derived from Polystyrene-Poly(methylmethacrylate) Diblock Copolymers Assessed Using Direct Electrochemistry of Ferritins" Anal. Chem. 2009, 81, 851-855.

39. I. Szymaska, E. Dolusic, W. Dehaen, W. Maes, T. Ito, H. Radecka "Determination of Interaction Strength between Corrole and Phenol Derivatives in Aqueous Media Using Atomic Force Microscopy" Supramol. Chem. 2009, 21, 555-563.

38. Y. Li, T. Ito "Surface Chemical Functionalization of Cylindrical Nanopores Derived from a Polystyrene-Poly(methylmethacrylate) Diblock Copolymer via Amidation" Langmuir 2008, 24, 8959-8963.

37. Y. Xiao, T. Ito, D. A. Higgins "Grayscale Patterning of Polymer Thin Films with Nanometer Precision by Direct-Write Multiphoton Photolithography" Langmuir 2008, 24, 8939-8943.

36. T. Ito, S. M. Forman, C. Cao, F. Li, C. R. Eddy, Jr., M.A. Mastro, R.T. Holm, R.L. Henry, K. L. Hohn, J. H. Edgar "Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkylphosphonic Acid on GaN Substrates" Langmuir 2008, 24, 6630-6635.

35. T. Ito, D.-M. N. T. Perera, S. Nagasaka "Gold Electrodes Modified with Self-Assembled Monolayers for Measuring L-Ascorbic Acid: An Undergraduate Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Experiment", J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1112-1115.

34. T. Ito "Observation of DNA Molecules Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy: An Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis Laboratory Experiment" J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 680-682.

33. Y. Li, H. C. Maire, T. Ito "Electrochemical Characterization of Nanoporous Films Fabricated from a Polystyrene–Poly(methylmethacrylate) Diblock Copolymer: Monitoring the Removal of the PMMA Domains and Exploring the Functional Groups on the Nanopore Surface", Langmuir 2007, 23, 12771-12776.

32. S. Ibrahim, D. A. Higgins, T. Ito "Direct-Write Multiphoton Photolithography: A Systematic Study of the Etching Behaviors in Various Commercial Polymers", Langmuir 2007, 23, 12406-12412. [Featured: H. Hogan "Choosing the Right Aids Direct-Write Multiphoton Photolithography" Photonic Spectra (Technology News), 2008 (January), 24-26.]

31. A. Xie, T. Ito and D. A. Higgins "Fabrication and Characterization of Polymer/Liquid-Crystal Composite Diffractive Optics by Multiphoton Methods" Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 17, 1515-1522.

30. T. Ito, A. A. Audi, G. P. Dible "Electrochemical Characterization of Recessed Nanodisk-Array Electrodes Prepared from Track-Etched Membranes" Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 7048-7053.

29. D. A. Higgins, T. A. Everett, A. Xie, S. M. Forman, T. Ito "High-Resolution Direct-Write Multiphoton Photolithography in Poly(methylmethacrylate) Films" Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88, 184101. [Selected for the June 2006 issue of Virtual Journal of Ultrafast Science.]

28. T. Nishino, T. Ito, Y. Umezawa "A Fullerene Molecular Tip Can Detect Localized and Rectified Electron Tunneling within a Single Fullerene-Porphyrin Pair", Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102, 5659-5662.

27. T. Ito, L. Sun, R. R. Henriquez, R. M. Crooks "A Carbon Nanotube-Based Coulter Nanoparticle Counter", Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37, 937-945. [Correction: Acc. Chem. Res. 2005, 38, 687.]

26. T. Ito, L. Sun, M. A. Bevan, R. M. Crooks "Comparison of Nanoparticle Size and Electrophoretic Mobility Measurements using a Carbon Nanotube-Based Coulter Counter, Dynamic Light Scattering, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Phase Analysis Light Scattering", Langmuir 2004, 20, 6940-6945.

25. T. Ito "Development of New Analytical Methodologies Based on Molecule/Particle Recognitions at Surfaces, Interfaces, and Carbon Nanotube Channels" (account in Japanese), Bunseki Kagaku 2004, 53, 657-676.

24. R. R. Henriquez, T. Ito, Li Sun, R. M. Crooks "The Resurgence of Coulter Counting as a Nanoscale Analytical Method", Analyst 2004, 129, 478-482.

23. J. Dai, T. Ito, L. Sun, R. M. Crooks "Electrokinetic Trapping and Concentration Enrichment of DNA in a Microfluidic Channel", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 13026-13027.

22. Y. Umezawa, T. Ito "Chemically Modified Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Tips for Molecular Imaging" (Account), Electrochemistry 2003, 71, 522-529.

21. T. Nishino, T. Ito, Y. Umezawa "Selective Observation of Hydroxy and Carboxylate Moieties by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Using Chemically Modified Tips with Differing Extent of Hydrogen Bond Acidity or Basicity", J. Electroanal. Chem. 2003, 150-151, 125-129.

20. T. Ito, L. Sun, R. M. Crooks "Observation of DNA Transport through a Single Carbon Nanotube Channel Using Fluorescence Microscopy", Chem. Commun. 2003, 1482-1483.

19. T. Ito, L. Sun, R. M. Crooks "Simultaneous Determination of Size and Surface Charge of Individual Nanoparticles Using a Carbon Nanotube Coulter Counter", Anal. Chem. 2003, 75, 2399-2406.

18. T. Ito, L. Sun, R. M. Crooks "Electrochemical Etching of Individual Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes", Electrochemical Solid-State Lett. 2003, 6, C4-C7.

17. T. Nishino, T. Ito, Y. Umezawa "Carbon Nanotube STM Tips for Chemically Selective Imaging", Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 4275-4278.

16. T. Ito, C. Goto "Ion-Selective Solvent Polymeric Membrane Electrodes Based on 1-Phenyl-3-Methyl-4-Acyl-5-Pyrazolones for Trivalent Lanthanoid Ions", J. Trace and Microprobe Techniques 2001 , 19, 601-613.

15. T. Ito, C. Goto, K. Noguchi "Lanthanoid Ion-Selective Solvent Polymeric Membrane Electrode Based on 1-Phenyl-3-Methyl-4-Octadecanoyl-5-Pyrazolone", Anal. Chim. Acta 2001, 443, 41-51. (Erratum to this paper: Anal. Chim. Acta 2002, 456, 326.)

14. T. Nishino, P. Bühlmann, T. Ito, Y. Umezawa "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Using Chemically Modified Tips: Orientation Selective Observation of Ether Oxygens", Surf. Sci. 2001, 490, L579-L584.

13. T. Ito, Y. Hasegawa "Some Considerations on Synergistic Extraction Behavior of Rare Earths(III) with Pivaloyltrifluoroacetone and Neutral Bidentate Ligands", Solvent Extr. Res. Dev. Jpn. 2001, 8, 47-62.

12. T. Ito "Uphill transport of lanthanoid (III) ions through supported liquid membranes based on ß-diketone and Lewis bases" (in Japanese), Bunseki Kagaku 2001, 50, 301-308.

11. T. Nishino, P. Bühlmann, T. Ito, Y. Umezawa "Discrimination of Functional Groups with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Using Chemically Modified Tips: Recognition of Ether Oxygens through Hydrogen Bond Interactions", Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2001, 3, 1867-1869.

10. T. Ohshiro, T. Ito, P. Bühlmann, Y. Umezawa "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy with Chemically Modified Tips: Discrimination of Porphyrin Centers Based on Metal-Coordination and Hydrogen Bond Interactions", Anal. Chem. 2001, 73, 878–883.

9. T. Ito "Ion-Channel-Mimetic Sensor for Trivalent Cations Based on Self-Assembled Monolayers of Thiol-Derivatized 4-Acyl-5-Pyrazolones on Gold", J. Electroanal. Chem. 2001, 495, 87-97.

8. T. Ito, P. Bühlmann, Y. Umezawa, "Polypyrrole-Modified Tips for Functional Group Recognition in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy", Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 1699–1705.

7. T. Ito, D. Citterio, P. Bühlmann, Y. Umezawa, "Observation of Silver and Hydrogen Ion Binding to Self-Assembled Monolayers with Chemically Modified AFM Tips", Langmuir 1999, 15, 2788–2793.

6. K. Odashima, T. Ito, K. Tohda, Y. Umezawa, "A Systematic Study on the Complexation of Quaternary Ammonium Salts and Neutral Phenols", Chem. Pharm. Bull. 1998, 46, 1248–1253.

5. T. Ito, H. Radecka, K. Tohda, K. Odashima, Y. Umezawa, "On the Mechanism of Unexpected Potentiometric Response to Neutral Phenols by Liquid Membranes Based on Quaternary Ammonium Salts – Systematic Experimental and Theoretical Approaches", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 3049–3059.

4. T. Ito, H. Radecka, K. Umezawa, T. Kimura, A. Yashiro, X. M. Lin, M. Kataoka, E. Kimura, J. L. Sessler, K. Odashima, Y. Umezawa, "A Variety of Lipophilic Amines Incorporated in Liquid Membranes Exhibit Potentiometric Responses to Neutral Phenols", Anal. Sci. 1998, 14, 89-98.

3. T. Ito, P. Bühlmann, Y. Umezawa, "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Using Chemically Modified Tips", Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 255–259.

2. T. Ito, M. Namba, P. Bühlmann, Y. Umezawa, "Modification of Silicon Nitride Tips with Trichlorosilane Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) for Chemical Force Microscopy", Langmuir 1997, 13, 4323–4332.

1. H. Sato, M. Wakabayashi, T. Ito, M. Sugawara, Y. Umezawa, "Potentiometric Responses of Ionophore-Incorporated Bilayer Lipid Membranes with and without Added Anionic Sites", Anal. Sci. 1997, 13, 437–446.

Reviews/Accounts/Proceedings (Slightly- or Non-Peer-Reviewed Publications)

10. T. Ito “Electron Hopping through Redox Moieties Anchored to Well-Defined Nanostructures” (Invited Commentary), Chem. Rec. in press.

9. K.-H. Tran-Ba, T. Ito “Finite-Element Computer Simulations on Cyclic Voltammograms Measured at Recessed Nanodisk-Array Electrodes”, ECS Trans . 2013, 45 (24), 89-95.

8. S. Ibrahim, S. Nagasaka, D. S. Moore, D. A. Higgins, T. Ito "Conductance and Flux Measurements on Capillary-Incorporated Nanoporous Monoliths", ECS Trans. 2012, 41 (19), 1-13.

7. T. Ito, D. M. N. T. Perera "Analytical Applications of Block Copolymer-Derived Nanoporous Membranes", In Trace Analysis with Nanomaterials, D. T. Pierce, Zhao, J. X., Eds.; Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2010, 341-358.

6. T. Ito "Separation and Detection Methods Based on Nanoscale Mass Transport through a Carbon Nanotube" (Japanese review), Bunseki 2008, 480-483.

5. T. Ito, S. M. Forman, C. Cao, C. R. Eddy, Jr., M.A. Mastro, R.T. Holm, R.L. Henry, K. Hohn, J. H. Edgar "Monolayer Formation on GaN Surface via Self-Assembly", ECS Trans. 2007, 11 (5), 97-101.

4. T. Ito "Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy with Chemically Modified Tips" (review in Japanese), Bunseki 2005 (January) 23-29.

3. T. Ito, Y. Umezawa "Scanning Tunneling Microscopy with Chemically Modified Tips", Rev. Anal. Chem. 2000, 19, 331–359.

2. T. Ito “Scanning Probe Microscopy Using Chemically Modified Tips” (in Japanese), Bunseki Kagaku 1999, 48, 867–868.

1. Y. Umezawa, M. Sugawara, K. Tohda, P. Buhlmann, Y. Tani, S. Nishizawa, S. Amemiya, T. Ito, N. Kimura "Chemical Sensors 1993/1994 - Ion Sensors" (Japanese review), Chemical Sensors 1994, 10, 46-60.

Textbooks, Handbooks

3. T. Ito "Chemically Modified Tips for Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM)" in Frontiers in Methods of Analysis –Fundamentals and Applications to Nano and Biotechnology– (Japanese handbook), Y. Umezawa, T. Sawada, and S. Terabe, Eds., NTS Inc., Tokyo, Japan, 2004, 289-297.

2. Y. Umezawa, T. Ito "Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)" in Data Book on Analytical Chemistry (Japanese handbook), Japan Society of Analytical Chemistry, Eds., Maruzen, Tokyo, Japan, 2004 (September), pp 177-178.

1. T. Ito "Scanning Probe Microscopy (STM, AFM, SECM)" in Experiments in Instrumental Analysis (Japanese textbook), Y. Umezawa, S. Motomizu, H. Watarai and N. Teramae, Eds., Tokyo Kagaku Dojin, Tokyo, Japan, 2002 (March), pp 260-274, 280-282.