K-State veterinarian shares warm-weather precautions to keep pets safe

Although the fall semester has begun, high temperatures continue to be a factor in the lives of Kansas residents, including pets. Susan Nelson, clinical professor and veterinarian at the Kansas State University Hill's Pet Health and Nutrition Center, encourages pet owners to take precautions to protect their pets from heat-related illnesses.

"Many of the activities people enjoy during warm weather can also pose risks to pets if proper precautions are not taken," Nelson said. "A little planning can help keep pets safe and healthy."

Avoid heat-related emergencies

Heat exposure poses a significant risk to pets. Nelson said pets should never be left unattended in a vehicle, even for a short period of time, because temperatures can quickly reach life-threatening levels.

Pet owners should also monitor animals during outdoor exercise and watch for signs of heat stress, including excessive panting, weakness, thick saliva, dark-red gums and collapse.

"Hot pavement can cause serious injuries," Nelson said. "Asphalt, concrete and rocky surfaces can burn paw pads or wear away the protective outer layer of the feet. Consider walking pets during cooler parts of the day, limit time on hot surfaces and consider protective booties when needed."

Pets should always have access to fresh water and shade during hot weather. Extra care should be taken with very young, elderly or debilitated animals, as they are less able to tolerate extreme temperatures.

Use parasite prevention year-round

Fleas, ticks and mosquitoes become more active during the warmer months and can transmit a variety of diseases to pets. Pet owners should ensure their animals are on flea, tick and heartworm prevention before parasite numbers increase.

Year-round protection against these parasites is recommended for both dogs and cats. Because indoor pets can still contribute to flea and tick infestations, all pets in the household should be treated.

Pet owners who are unsure about which preventive products to use should consult their veterinarian.

Practice safe travel and recreation

When traveling, pets should be secured with an appropriate restraint or crate, Nelson said. Dogs should not be allowed to ride in truck beds or stick their heads out vehicle windows, as both activities can result in injury.

Nelson said pet owners visiting dog parks should ensure their dogs are current on recommended vaccinations and closely supervise interactions with other animals.

Many pets also enjoy spending time around water in warm weather. Nelson said pools should be properly secured to prevent accidental drownings, and dogs that cannot swim or will be far from shore should wear a life jacket. Pet owners should also ensure dogs are vaccinated against leptospirosis before spending time around lakes, ponds and other standing water.

Keep dangerous items out of reach

Items commonly associated with outdoor celebrations and gatherings can pose risks to pets. Fireworks, matches, lighter fluid, glow jewelry, citronella products, insect repellents and insect coils should all be kept out of reach of pets.

"Cookout foods and supplies can also be dangerous," Nelson said. "Corncobs, bones and wooden skewers may cause intestinal blockages or perforations if swallowed. Alcoholic beverages and foods containing xylitol, an artificial sweetener, should never be accessible to pets."

Pet owners should also be aware of toxic plants and lawn products. Azaleas, rhododendrons and lilies can be harmful to pets, while herbicides, fertilizers and insecticides should be used according to the label directions and stored safely away from animals.

Monitor your pet's health and environment

Seasonal allergies may cause itchy skin, sneezing and watery eyes in some pets. Pet owners who notice these signs should speak with their veterinarian about available treatment options.

"Grass awns, other seeds, bristles and stickers can become lodged in a pet's coat, ears or feet and may migrate throughout the pet's body, causing serious infections," Nelson said. "Pet owners should inspect their pets regularly after spending time outdoors and remove any awns or other plant materials they find."

Food left outdoors should be replaced regularly, especially during hot weather when it spoils more quickly and attracts insects. Pet owners should also monitor animals for wounds or other skin issues that may worsen during the summer months.

For more information about keeping pets safe during warm weather or on year-round health, Nelson said, consult your family veterinarian.