The coccidia of Camelidae

Compiled by
Donald W. Duszynski and Lee Couch
Department of Biology, University of New Mexico
and
Steve J. Upton
Division of Biology, Kansas State University

Supported by NSF-PEET DEB 9521687

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Updated: 15 March 2001
Comments: eimeria@unm.edu


  1. Eimeria alpacae Guerrero, 1967
    1. Hosts: Lama glama (Llama); Lama pacos (Alpaca)
    2. Size: Oocysts 24 (22-26) x 20 (18-21); sporocysts 11 (10-13) x 7 (7-8)
    3. References: Foreyt and Lagerquist 1992; Guerrero 1967; Guerrero et al. 1967a, 1967b, 1970b; Rickard and Bishop 1988; Schrey et al. 1991

  2. Eimeria bactriani Levine and Ivens, 1970
    1. Synonym: Eimeria cameli of Noller, 1933
    2. Synonym: Eimeria cameli of Noller, 1932 emended Yakimoff and Matschoulsky, 1939 of Pellerdy, 1965
    3. Synonym: Eimeria cameli of Iwanoff-Gobzem, 1934
    4. Synonym: Eimeria nolleri (?) Reichenow, 1953 of Abdussalam and Rauf, 1957
    5. non Eimeria cameli (Henry and Masson, 1932) Pellerdy, 1956
    6. non Globidium cameli Henry and Masson, 1932
    7. Hosts: Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel); Camelus dromedarius (Dromedary)
    8. Size: Oocysts 32 x 25-27; sporocysts 15-17 x 10
    9. References: Abdussalam and Rauf 1957; Berkinbaev et al. 1987; Daruish and Golemansky 1993; Gill 1976; Noller 1933; Wei and Wong 1990

  3. Eimeria cameli (Henry and Masson, 1932) Reichenow, 1952
    1. Synonym: Globidium cameli Henry and Masson, 1932 of Enigk, 1934
    2. Synonym: Eimeria (Globodium) cameli (Henry and Masson, 1932) Reichenow, 1952 of Abdussalam and Rauf, 1957
    3. Synonym: Eimeria kazachstanica Tsygankov, 1950
    4. Synonym: Eimeria casahstanica [sic] Tsygankov, 1950 of Pellerdy, 1965
    5. Synonym: Eimeria noelleri (Henry and Masson, 1932) Pellerdy, 1956 of Dubey and Pande, 1964
    6. Synonym: Eimeria iragiensis Mirza, 1970
    7. non Eimeria cameli Noller, 1933 of Iwanoff-Gobzem, 1934 of Yakimoff and Matschoulsky, 1939
    8. non Eimeria cameli Noller, 1933 of Iwanoff-Gobzem, 1934 of Tsygankov, 1950
    9. non Eimeria (?) noelleri Rastegaieff, 1930
    10. Hosts: Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel); Camelus dromedarius (Dromedary)
    11. Size: Oocysts 80-100 x 55-94; sporocysts 30-50 x 15-20
    12. References: Abdussalam and Rauf 1957; Berkinbaev et al. 1987; Chineme 1980; Dubey and Pande 1964; Elbihari 1982; Enigk 1934; Gill 1976; Gruvel and Graber 1965a, 1965b; Henry and Masson 1932a, 1932b, 1932c; Hussein et al. 1987; Ipczynski 1978; Kasim et al. 1985; Kawasmeh and Elbihari 1983; Mirza 1970; Mirza and Al Rawas 1976; Pellerdy 1965; Ramachandran Iyer et al. 1968; Tsygankov 1950, 1955; Wei and Wong 1990; Yagoub 1989; Yakimoff et al. 1936

  4. Eimeria dromedarii Yakimoff and Matschoulsky, 1939
    1. Synonym: Eimeria cameli of Iwanoff-Gobzem, 1934
    2. Synonym: Eimeria cameli Iwanoff-Gobzem of Tsygankov, 1950, 1955
    3. Synonym: Eimeria cameli Iwanoff-Gobzem of Yakimoff, 1934
    4. Hosts: Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel); Camelus dromedarius (Dromedary)
    5. Size: Oocysts 28 (23-33) x 23 (20-25); sporocysts 8-11 x 6-9
    6. References: Abdussalam and Rauf 1957; Berkinbaev et al. 1987; Daruish & Golemansky 1993; Dubey and Pande 1964; Gill 1976; Hussein et al. 1987; Iwanoff-Gobzem 1934; Kasim et al. 1985; Mirza and Al-Rawas 1976; Rysavy 1954; Tsygankov 1950, 1955; Wei and Wong 1990; Yagoub 1989; Yakimoff 1934a; Yakimoff and Matschoulsky 1939a, 1939b

  5. Eimeria lamae Guerrero, 1967
    1. Hosts: Lama glama (Llama); Lama pacos (Alpaca)
    2. Size: Oocysts 36 (30-40) x 25 (21-30); sporocysts 15 (13- 16) x 9 (8-10)
    3. Reference: Guerrero 1967; Guerrero et al., 1967a, 1967b, 1970a, 1970b; Rickard and Bishop 1988; Schrey et al. 1991
    4. Further studies may reveal this to be Eimeria rajasthani

  6. Eimeria macusaniensis Guerrero, Hernandez, Bazalar, and Alva, 1971
    1. Hosts: Lama glama (Llama); Lama guanicoe (Guanaco); Lama pacos (Alpaca)
    2. Size: Oocysts 94 (81-107) x 67 (61-80); sporocysts 36 (33- 40) x 18 (16-20)
    3. References: Guerrero et al. 1967, 1970b, 1971; Jarvinen 1999; Rickard and Bishop 1988; Rosadio and Ameghino 1994; Schrey et al. 1991
    4. Further studies may reveal this to be Eimeria cameli.

  7. Eimeria pellerdyi Prasad, 1960
    1. Synonym: Eimeria pellerdei Prasad, 1960
    2. Host: Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel); Camelus dromedarius (Dromedary)
    3. Size: Oocysts 22-24 x 12-14; sporocysts 9-11 x 4-6
    4. References: Daruish and Golemansky 1993; Gill 1976; Prasad 1960; Wei and Wong 1990

  8. Eimeria peruviana Yakimoff, 1934
    1. Host: Lama glama (Llama)
    2. Size: Oocysts 32 (28-38) x 19 (18-23); sporocysts 11-15 x 8
    3. References: Nukerbaeva 1978; Yakimoff 1934b; Yakimoff et al. 1936

  9. Eimeria punoensis Guerrero, 1967
    1. Hosts: Lama glama (Llama); Lama pacos (Alpaca)
    2. Size: Oocysts 20 (17-22) x 16 (14-18); sporocysts 9 (8-11) x 6 (5-7)
    3. Reference: Foreyt and Lagerquist 1992; Guerrero 1967; Guerrero et al. 1967a, 1967b, 1970b; Rickard and Bishop 1988

  10. Eimeria rajasthani Dubey and Pande, 1963
    1. Synonym: Eimeria sp. of Ezzat, 1961 (?)
    2. Hosts: Camelus bactrianus (Bactrian camel); Camelus dromedarius (Dromedary)
    3. Size: Oocysts 36 (34-39) x 25 (25-27); sporocysts 15 (14- 15) x 11 (8-11)
    4. References: Daruish and Golemansky 1993; Dubey and Pande 1963, 1964; Ezzat 1961; Gill 1976; Hussein et al. 1987; Kassim et al. 1985; Wei and Wong 1990; Yagoub 1989

  11. Isospora orlovi Tsygankov, 1950
    1. Synonym: Isospora sp. of Raisinghani, Manohar, and Yadav, 1987
    2. Host: Camelus dromedarius (Dromedary)
    3. Size: Oocysts 27-35 x 15-20; sporocysts 15-20 x 13-17
    4. References: Raisinghani et al. 1987; Tsygankov 1950, 1955
    5. Remarks: Raisinghani et al. (1987) reported oocysts and sporocysts as 30 (25-35) x 18 (17-21) and 14 (13-15) x 10 (9-11), respectively

  12. Isospora sp. of Daruish and Golemansky, 1993
    1. Host: Camelus dromedarius (Dromedary)
    2. Size: Oocysts 20-31 x 18-23; sporocysts 11-13 x 8-10
    3. Reference: Daruish and Golemansky 1993
    4. Photographs suggest these to be avian isosporans.


Unknown coccidian

Host: Lama guanicoae (Guanaco)
Size: Oocysts 65 (54-76) x 56 (48-65) in tissue sections
Reference: Hodgin et al. 1984
This may represent Eimeria macusaniensis.


References

Abdussalam M. and Rauf, A. 1957. Coccidia of camels. Proceedings of the 9th Pakistan Science Conference, Part 3. 9: 125-126.

Berkinbaev, O., Yaitoorsenov, K.K., and Yesenova, R. 1987. Association of eimerians and strongyles in the intestinal tract of camels. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Kazakhskoi SSR Seriya Biologicheskaia Nauk (5): 38-42.

Boid, R., Jones, T.W., and Luckins, A.G. 1985. Protozoal diseases of Camels. British Medical Journal 141: 87-105.

Chauve, M., Hamza-Cherif, R., Marfoua, K., Gounel, J.M., Habchi, N., and Bounaceur, A. 1990. Parasitisme chez le dromadaire (Camelus dromedarius) en Algerie: Enquetes dans 4 Wilayats (Adrar - Bechar - Laghouat - Ghardaia). Maghreb Veterinaire 5: 35-39.

Cheney, J.M., and Allen, G.T. 1989. Parasitism in Llamas. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 5: 217-225.

Chineme, C.N. 1980. A case report of coccidiosis caused by Eimeria cameli in a camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Nigeria. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 16: 377-380.

Daruish, A.I. and Golemansky, V.G. 1993. Coccidia (Apicomplexa, Eucoccidiida) in camels (Camelus dromedarius L.) from Syria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 46: 10-15.

Dubey, J.P. and Pande, B.P. 1963. A note on Eimeria rajasthani n. sp. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from the Indian camel (Camelus dromedarius). Current Science 32: 273-274.

Dubey, J.P. and Pande, B.P. 1964. On eimerian oocysts recovered from Indian camel (Camelus dromedarius). Indian Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry 34: 28-34.

Elbihari, S. 1982. Studies on the parasites of the camel in Saudi Arabia. In, Parasites - their world and ours, Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Parasitology, 7-14 August 1982, Toronto, Canada. Muller, M., Gutteridge, W., and Kohler, P., editors. Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam. pp. 269.

Enigk, K. 1934. Zur Kenntnis des Globidium cameli und der Eimeria cameli. Archiv fur Protistenkunde 83: 371-380.

Ezzat, A.M.E. 1961. Protozoal diseases of veterinary importance in Egypt. In, Progress in Protozoology, Proceedings of the 1st International Congress on Protozoology 1: 478-481.

Foreyt, W.J. and Lagerquist, J. 1992. Experimental infections of Eimeria alpacae and Eimeria punoensis in Llamas (Lama glama). Journal of Parasitology 78: 906-909.

Gruvel, J. and Graber, M. 1965a.. Quelques resultats d'unquetes recentes sur la globidiose du dromadaire au Tchad. In, Progress in Protozoology, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Protozoology, 29 July - 05 August 1965, London. Excerpta Medica Foundation, Amsterdam. Abstract 179. pp. 162-163.

Gruvel, J. and Graber, M. 1965b. Quelques resultats d'enquetes recentes sur la globidiose du dromadaire au Tchad. Revue d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaux 18: 423- 428.

Guerrero, C.A. 1967. Coccidia (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) of the Alpaca Lama pacos. Journal of Protozoology 14: 613-616.

Gill, H.S. 1976. Incidence of Eimeria and Infundibulorium in camel. Indian Veterinary Journal 53: 897-898.

Guerrero, C.A., Alva, J., Bazalar, H., and Tabacchi, L. 1970a. Infeccion experimental de Alpacas con Eimeria lamae. Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura, Peru. Boletin Extraordinario. 4: 79-83.

Guerrero, C.A., Alva, J., Leguia, G., and Bazalar, H. 1970b. Prevalencia de coccidias (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) en Alpacas, Lama pacos. Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura, Peru. Boletin Extraordinario. 4: 84-90.

Guerrero, C.A., Hernandez, J., and Alva, J. 1967a. Coccidiosis en Alpacas. Instituto Veterinario de Investigaciones Tropicales y de Altura, Peru. Boletin Extraordinario. 2: 66-67.

Guerrero, C.A., Hernandez, J., and Alva, J. 1967b. Coccidiosis en Alpacas. Revista Universidad de San Marcos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Lima. 21: 59-68.

Guerrero, C.A., Hernandez, J., Bazalar, H., and Alva, J. 1971. Eimeria macusaniensis n. sp. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) of the Alpaca Lama pacos. Journal of Protozoology 18: 162-163.

Henry, A. and Masson, G. 1932a. Sur un forme coccidienne de l'intestin du chameau. Comptes Rendus des Sciences de la Societe de Biologie (Paris) 109: 17-18.

Henry, A. and Masson, G. 1932b. La coccidosis du Dromadaire. Recueil Medecine Veterinaire Exotique 5: 185-193.

Henry, A. and Masson, G. 1932c. Considerations sur le genere Globidium. Globidium cameli n. sp., parasite du dromadaire. Annales de Parasitologie humaine et Comparee 10: 385-401.

Hodgin, C., Schillhorn van Veen, T.W., Fayer, R., and Richter, N. 1984. Leptospirosis and coccidial infection in a guanaco. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 185: 1442-1444.

Hussein, H.S., Kasim, A.A., and Shawa, Y.R. 1987. The prevalence and pathology of Eimeria infections in camels in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Comparative Pathology 97: 293-297.

Ipczynski, V. 1978. Ein Beitrag aur exogenen Entwicklung von Eimeria cameli (Henry und Masson, 1932), Reichenow 1953. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 91: 11-12.

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Yakimoff, W.L. 1934b. Two new species of coccidia: Eimeria triffitt n. sp. of the eland (Orias canna), and Eimeria peruviana n. sp. of the llama (Lama glama). Parasitology 26: 510-511.

Yakimoff, W.L., Iwanoff-Gobsem, P.S., and Matschoulsky, S.N. 1936. Zur Frage der Infektion der Tiere mit heterogenen Kokzidien. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Infektionkrankheiten und Hygiene. I. Abteilung Originale 137: 299-302.

Yakimoff, W.L. and Matschoulsky, S.H. 1939a. On a new coccidium from camels, Eimeria dromedarii n. sp. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society of London 59: 26-29.

Yakimoff, W.L. and Matschoulsky, S.H. 1939b. On the study of coccidosis in camels (Eimeria dromedarii n. sp.) . Vestnik Mikrobiologii Epidemiologii i Parazitologii 18: 196-200.