Coccidia (Eimeria and Isospora) of Serpentes

Compiled by
Donald W. Duszynski and Lee Couch
Department of Biology, University of New Mexico
and
Steve J. Upton
Division of Biology, Kansas State University

Supported by NSF-PEET DEB 9521687

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Updated: 22 October 2004
Comments: eimeria@unm.edu or coccidia@ksu.edu


Family: Boidae

  1. Eimeria boae Prasad, 1963
    1. Host: Corallus caninus (Common tree boa)
    2. Reference: Prasad 1963

  2. Eimeria pythonis Triffit, 1925
    1. Host: Python sebae (African rock python)
    2. Reference: Fantham and Porter 1950; Lehman 1972; Prasad 1963; Triffit 1925
    3. Remarks: These appears to be a poultry coccidian ingested along with the meals

  3. Eimeria samyadeli (Islaker and Tadros, 1979) Daszak and Ball, 2001
    1. Synonym: Eimeria samiae Islaker and Tadros, 1979 nomen preocc.
    2. Host: Python reticulata (Reticulated python)
    3. References: Daszak and Ball 2001; Islaker and Tadros 1979

  4. Eimeria sp. of Brodbeck, 1988
    1. Host: Python reticulata (Reticulated python)
    2. References: Brodbeck 1988, 1990

  5. Eimeria sp. 1 of Prasad, 1963
    1. Synonym: Eimeria pythonis of Prasad, 1963
    2. Host: Python molurus (Indian python)
    3. Reference: Prasad 1963
    4. Remarks: This appears to be a poultry coccidian ingested along with the meal


Family: Bolyeridae

  1. Caryospora sp. of Daszak, 1995
    1. Host: Casarea dussumieri (Round Island ground boa)
    2. Reference: Daszak, 1995


Family: Colubridae

  1. Eimeria aesculapi Carini, 1933
    1. Host: Erythrolamprus aesculapii (False coral snake)
    2. References: Carini 1933, 1934

  2. Eimeria amphorae Telford, 1997
    1. Host: Tantilla relicta (Florida crowned snake)
    2. Reference: Telford 1997

  3. Eimeria annea Vetterling and Widmer, 1968, nomen nudum
    1. Synonym: Eimeria bitis Fantham and Porter, 1954 of Vetterling and Widmer, 1968
    2. Hosts: Opheodrys vernalis (Smooth green snake), Thamnophis sauritus (Eastern ribbon snake), Thamnophis sirtalis (Common garter snake)
    3. References: Fantham and Porter 1954; Vetterling and Widmer 1968

  4. Eimeria arnoldoi Pinto and Maciel, 1929
    1. Host: Dryophylax pallidus (Ophideo nao venenoso)
    2. Reference: Pinto and Maciel 1929

  5. Eimeria arnyi Upton and Oppert, 1991
    1. Host: Diadophis punctatus (Prairie ringneck snake)
    2. References: McAllister et al. 1995; Upton and Oppert 1991

  6. Eimeria attenuata Wacha and Christansen, 1974
    1. Hosts: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-belly water snake), Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched water snake), Nerodia fasciata confluens (Broad-banded water snake), Nerodia sipedon sipedon (Northern water snake), Thamnophis proximus proximus (Western ribbon snake), Thamnophis proximus rubrilineatus (Redstripe ribbon snake), Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis (Red-sided garter snake)
    2. References: McAllister and Upton 1989; McAllister et al. 1995; Upton and McAllister 1990; Wacha and Christansen, 1972, 1974, 1975

  7. Eimeria coelopeltis (Galli-Valerio, 1926) Hoare, 1933
    1. Synonym: Isospora coelopeltis Galli-Vallerio, 1926, lapsus
    2. Host: Malpolon nonspessulana (Montipellier snake)
    3. References: Galli-Vallerio 1926; Hoare 1933

  8. Eimeria collanuli Wacha and Christiansen, 1974
    1. Host: Diadophis punctatus (Prairie ringneck snake)
    2. Reference: Wacha and Christiansen 1974

  9. Eimeria conanti McAllister and Upton, 1989
    1. Hosts: Nerodia cyclopion cyclopion (Green water snake), Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-belly water snake), Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched water snake), Nerodia harteri harteri (Brazos water snake), Nerodia harteri paucimaculata (Concho water snake)
    2. References: McAllister and Upton 1989; McAllister et al. 1990, 1995

  10. Eimeria cyclopion McAllister, Upton, and Trauth, 1990
    1. Hosts: Nerodia cyclopion cyclopion (Green water snake), Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-belly water snake), Nerodia fasciata confluens (Broad-banded water snake), Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (Diamondback water snake)
    2. Reference: McAllister et al. 1990

  11. Eimeria cystisfellae Debaisieux, 1914
    1. Host: Natrix natrix (Sardinian grass snake)
    2. References: Amrein 1951, 1952; Debaisieux 1914; Gueyenot et al. 1922; Phisalix 1921
    3. Remarks: Amrein (1951, 1952) erroneously reported oocysts from some lizards as this species

  12. Eimeria desotoensis Upton, McAllister, and Trauth, 1992
    1. Synonym: Eimeria sp. of Upton and McAllister, 1990
    2. Host: Virginia striatula (Rough earth snake), Virginia valeriae elegans (Western earth snake)
    3. Reference: McAllister et al. 1995; Upton and McAllister 1990; Upton et al. 1992a

  13. Eimeria dhamini Mandal and Mukherjee, 1977
    1. Host: Ptyas mucosus (Dhamin)
    2. Reference: Mandal and Mukherjee 1977

  14. Eimeria fibrilosa Mandal, 1976
    1. Host: Enhydris enhydris (Schneider's water snake)
    2. Reference: Mandal 1976

  15. Eimeria gupti (Ray and Das Gupta, 1936) Bhatia, 1938
    1. Synonym: Eimeria cyclindrica of Ray and Das Gupta, 1936, nomen preocc.
    2. Host: Natrix piscator (Checkered keel-back snake)
    3. References: Bhatia 1938; Ray and Das Gupta 1936

  16. Eimeria helmisophis Wacha and Christiansen, 1974
    1. Hosts: Carphophis amoenus helenae (Midwest worm snake), Carphophis amoenus vermis (Western worm snake)
    2. References: McAllister and Upton 1989a; McAllister et al. 1995; Wacha and Christiansen 1974

  17. Eimeria hobartsmithi Upton, McAllister, and Trauth, 1992
    1. Host: Virginia striatula (Rough earth snake), Virginia valeriae elegans (Western earth snake)
    2. Reference: Upton et al. 1992a

  18. Eimeria hydrophis Wacha and Christiansen, 1974
    1. Hosts: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-belly water snake), Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched water snake), Nerodia harteri harteri (Brazos water snake), Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (Diamondback water snake), Nerodia sipedon pleuralis (Midland water snake), Nerodia sipedon sipedon (Northern water snake)
    2. References: McAllister and Upton 1989a; McAllister et al. 1995; Wacha and Christiansen 1974

  19. Eimeria infirmus Upton and McAllister, 1988
    1. Host: Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (Diamondback water snake)
    2. Reference: Upton and McAllister 1988
    3. Remarks: This is most likely a fish coccidian ingested by the snake

  20. Eimeria iowaensis Wacha and Christiansen, 1974
    1. Host: Nerodia fasciata confluens (Broad-banded water snake), Thamnophis elegans vagrans (Wandering garter snake), Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis (Red-sided garter snake)
    2. References: McAllister et al. 1995; Wacha 1972; Wacha and Christiansen 1974, 1975

  21. Eimeria jaegeri Carini, 1933
    1. Host: Liophis jaegeri (Cobra espada)
    2. References: Carini 1933, 1934; Prasad 1963

  22. Eimeria kennicotti Upton, McAllister, Trauth, and Gage, 1995
    1. Host: Diadophis punctatus arnyi (Prairie ringneck snake)
    2. Reference: Upton et al. 1995

  23. Eimeria korros Van Peenen, Ryan, and McIntyre, 1967
    1. Host: Ptyas korros (Indo-China rat snake)
    2. Reference: Van Peenen et al. 1967

  24. Eimeria lampropeltis Anderson, Duszynski, and Marquardt, 1968
    1. Host: Lampropeltis calligaster calligaster (Prairie kingsnake)
    2. References: Anderson et al. 1968; Wacha and Christiansen 1974

  25. Eimeria leimadophi Lainson and Shaw, 1973
    1. Host: Leimadophis poecilogyrus (Jararaquinhoe or Rainha snake)
    2. Reference: Lainson and Shaw 1973

  26. Eimeria liophi Lainson and Shaw, 1973
    1. Host: Liophis cobella (Banded tricolored snake)
    2. Reference: Lainson and Shaw 1973

  27. Eimeria mikanii Carini, 1933
    1. Host: Sibynomorphus mikanii (Culebrita)
    2. References: Carini 1933, 1934

  28. Eimeria natricis Wacha and Christiansen, 1975
    1. Host: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-belly water snake), Nerodia fasciata confluens (Broad-banded water snake), Nerodia sipedon pleuralis (Midland water snake), Nerodia sipedon sipedon (Northern water snake), Thamnophis proximus proximus (Western ribbon snake)
    2. References: McAllister et al. 1995; Wacha and Christiansen 1975

  29. Eimeria (?) navillei (Harant and Cazal, 1934) Levine, 1984, nomen nudum
    1. Synonym: Globidium navillei Harant and Cazal, 1934
    2. Host: Natrix maura (Viperine snake)
    3. References: Harant and Cazal 1934; Levine 1984
    4. Remarks: This coccidian was described soley on endogenous stages

  30. Eimeria ondinae Carini, 1939
    1. Host: Dryadophis bifossatus (Cazadora brown-lined snake)
    2. Reference: Carini 1939

  31. Eimeria papillosum Upton and McAllister, 1990
    1. Host: Salvadora grahamiae lineata (Texas patchnose snake)
    2. Reference: Upton and McAllister 1990

  32. Eimeria persica (Phisalix, 1925) Levine and Becker, 1933
    1. Synonym: Choleoeimeria persica (Phisalix, 1925) Paperna and Landsberg, 1989
    2. Synonym: Coccidium persicum Phisalix, 1925
    3. Host: Natrix natrix persa (Balkan grass snake)
    4. References: Levine and Becker 1933; Paperna and Landsberg 1989; Phisalix 1925; Ovezmoukhammedov 1978, 1980

  33. Eimeria piscatori Ray and Das Gupta, 1936
    1. Host: Natrix piscator (Checkered keel-back snake)
    2. Reference: Ray and Das Gupta 1936

  34. Eimeria pleistocenensis Telford, 1997
    1. Host: Tantilla relicta (Florida crowned snake)
    2. Reference: Telford 1997

  35. Eimeria poecilogyri Carini, 1933
    1. Host: Leimadophis poecilogyrus (Jararaquinha or Rainha snake)
    2. References: Carini 1933, 1934; Lainson and Shaw 1973

  36. Eimeria ptyas Prasad, 1963
    1. Host: Ptyas mucosus (Indian red-bellied snake)
    2. Reference: Prasad 1963

  37. Eimeria rhombifera Upton and McAllister, 1988
    1. Hosts: Nerodia cyclopion cyclopion (Green water snake), Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (Diamondback water snake)
    2. References: McAllister et al. 1990; Upton and McAllister 1988

  38. Eimeria septemvittata Upton, McAllister, and Trauth, 1991
    1. Host: Regina septemvittata (Queen snake)
    2. Reference: Upton et al. 1991

  39. Eimeria serpenticola Upton and McAllister, 1990
    1. Host: Nerodia fasciata confluens (Broad-banded water snake), Nerodia sipedon pleuralis (Midland water snake), Thamnophis proximus proximus (Western ribbon snake), Thamnophis proximus rubrilineatus (Redstripe ribbon snake), Thamnophis marcianus marcianus (Checkered garter snake)
    2. References: McAllister et al. 1995; Upton and McAllister 1990

  40. Eimeria sipedon Wacha and Christiansen, 1975
    1. Hosts: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-belly water snake), Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched water snake), Nerodia fasciata confluens (Broad-banded water snake), Nerodia sipedon pleuralis (Midland water snake), Nerodia sipedon sipedon (Northern water snake)
    2. References: McAllister and Upton 1989a; McAllister et al. 1995; Wacha and Christiansen 1975

  41. Eimeria sp. 1 of Brygoo, 1963
    1. Host: Madagascarophis colubrinus (Madagascar cat-eye snake)
    2. Reference: Brygoo 1963

  42. Eimeria sp. 2 of Brygoo, 1963
    1. Host: Mimophis mahfalensis (Madagascar colubrid)
    2. Reference: Brygoo 1963

  43. Eimeria sp. of Lehmann, 1972
    1. Host: Chrysopelea ornata (Golden tree snake)
    2. Reference: Lehmann 1972

  44. Eimeria sp. of Modry, 1998
    1. Host: Coluber jugularis (European whip snake)
    2. Reference: Modry 1998

  45. Eimeria sp. of Modry, 1998
    1. Host: Elaphe vulpina (Fox snake)
    2. Reference: Modry 1998

  46. Eimeria sp. of Modry, 1998
    1. Synonym: Choleoeimeria sp. of Jirku, Modry, Slapeta, Koudela, and Lukes, 2002
    2. Host: Spalerosophis diadema (Royal diadem ratsnake)
    3. References: Jirku et al. 2002; Modry 1998

  47. Eimeria sp. of Phisalix, 1921
    1. Synonym: Eimeria cystis felleae of Phisalix, 1921
    2. Hosts: Natrix natrix persa (Balkan grass snake), Natrix tessellata (Dice snake)
    3. Reference: Phisalix 1921

  48. Eimeria sp. 2 of Prasad, 1963
    1. non Eimeria jaegeri Carini, 1932 of Prasad, 1963
    2. Synonym: Eimeria haegeri of Prasad, 1963
    3. Host: Liophis cobella (Banded tricolored snake)
    4. Reference: Prasad 1963

  49. Eimeria sp. of Raiti, 1993
    1. Host: Pituophis melanoleucus (Bullsnake)
    2. Reference: Raiti 1993

  50. Eimeria sp. 1 of Rzepczyk, 1976
    1. Host: Amphiesma mairii (Freshwater snake)
    2. Reference: Rzepczyk 1976

  51. Eimeria sp. 2 of Rzepczyk, 1976
    1. Host: Amphiesma mairii (Freshwater snake)
    2. Reference: Rzepczyk 1976

  52. Eimeria sp. of McAllister and Upton, 1989
    1. non Eimeria helmisophis Wacha and Christiansen, 1974
    2. Synonym: Eimeria helmisophis-like coccidian of McAllister, Upton, Trauth, and Dixon, 1995
    3. Host: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-belly water snake), Nerodia erythrogaster transversa (Blotched water snake), Nerodia harteri harteri (Brazos water snake), Nerodia sipedon pleuralis (Midland water snake)
    4. References: McAllister and Upton 1989a; McAllister et al. 1995
    5. Remarks: This coccidian is morphologically similar to Eimeria helmisophis, but slight differences do exist

  53. Eimeria spp. of Roudabush, 1937 and others
    1. non Eimeria zamenis Phisalix, 1921
    2. Hosts: Coluber constrictor flaviventris (Eastern yellow racer), Coluber constrictor contrictor (Northern black racer), Coluber constrictor priapus (Southern black racer), Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta (Black rat snake), Lampropeltis calligaster calligaster (Prairie kingsnake), Lampropeltis getulus holbrooki (Speckled kingsnake), Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum (Eastern milk snake), Masticophis flagellum flagellum (Eastern coachwhip), Masticophis flagellum testaceus (Western coachwhip)
    3. References: Anderson et al. 1968; Conn and McAllister 1990; McAllister et al. 1995; Roudabush 1937; Upton and McAllister 1988; 1990; Wacha and Christiansen 1974
    4. Remarks: It is likely that multiple morphologically similar species exist

  54. Eimeria sp. of Telford, 1997
    1. Host: Tantilla relicta (Florida crowned snake)
    2. Reference: Telford 1997

  55. Eimeria sp. of Van Peenen and Birdwell, 1968
    1. Synonym: Isospsora sp. of Pellerldy, 1974, lapsus
    2. Host: Lampropeltis getulus californiae (California king snake)
    3. References: Pellerdy 1974; Van Peenen and Birdwell 1968

  56. Eimeria stolatae Ray and Das Gupta, 1938
    1. Host: Natrix stolata (Buff-striped keel-back)
    2. Reference: Ray and Das Gupta 1938

  57. Eimeria striatula Upton and McAllister, 1990
    1. Host: Virginia striatula (Rough earth snake)
    2. References: McAllister et al. 1995; Upton and McAllister 1990; Upton et al. 1992a

  58. Eimeria tenuis Upton and McAllister, 1988
    1. Host: Nerodia erythrogaster flavigaster (Yellow-belly water snake), Nerodia rhombifer rhombifer (Diamondback water snake), Nerodia sipedon pleuralis (Midland water snake)
    2. References: McAllister et al. 1995; Upton and McAllister 1988

  59. Eimeria tropidonoti Guyenot, Naville, and Ponse, 1922
    1. Host: Natrix natrix (Sardinian grass snake)
    2. Reference: Guyenot et al. 1922

  60. Eimeria zamenis Phisalix, 1921
    1. Host: Coluber sp. (a racer)
    2. Reference: Phisalix 1921

  61. Isospora colubris Matuschka, 1986
    1. Host: Hierophis viridiflavus (Western whip snake)
    2. Reference: Matuschka 1986

  62. Isospora natricis Yakimoff and Gousseff, 1935
    1. Host: Natrix natrix (Sardinian grass snake)
    2. Reference: Ruziev and Davronov 1984; Yakimoff and Gousseff 1935

  63. Isospora phisalixae Yakimoff and Gousseff, 1933
    1. Synonym: Eimeria phisalixae Yakimoff and Gousseff, 1933, lapsus in Pellerdy, 1974
    2. Host: Elaphe quatuorlineata (Four-lined ratsnake)
    3. References: Pellerdy 1974; Yakimoff and Gousseff 1935

  64. Isospora sp. of Telford, 1997
    1. Host: Tantilla relicta (Florida crowned snake)
    2. Reference: Telford 1997
    3. Remarks: This may be Isospora wilsoni

  65. Isospora wilsoni Upton, McAllister, Trauth, and Keith, 1992
    1. Host: Tantilla gracilis (Flat-headed snake)
    2. Reference: Upton et al. 1992b


Family: Elapidae (includes Hydrophiidae)

  1. Eimeria demansiae Rzepczyk, 1976
    1. Host: Demansia psammophis (Yellow-faced whipsnake)
    2. Reference: Rzepczyk 1976

  2. Eimeria micruri Lainson and Shaw, 1973
    1. Host: Micrurus filiformis (Thread-form coral snake)
    2. Reference: Lainson and Shaw 1973

  3. Eimeria najae Ray and Das Gupta, 1936
    1. Host: Naja naja (Indian cobra)
    2. Reference: Ray and Das Gupta 1936


Family: Typhlopidae

  1. Eimeria typhlopisi Ovezmukhammedov, 1968
    1. Host: Typhlops vermicularis (Worm snake)
    2. References: Ovezmukhammedov 1968a, 1969, 1974

  2. Isospora sp. of Modry, 1998
    1. Host: Typhlops vermicularis (Worm snake)
    2. Reference: Modry 1998


Family: Viperidae

  1. "Coccidium" of Bray, 1964
    1. Host: Causus rhombeatus (Rhombic night adder)
    2. Reference: Bray 1964

  2. Eimeria amarali Pinto, 1928
    1. Host: Bothrops neuwiedii (Maximilan viper or Jararaca do Rabo Branco)
    2. Reference: Pinto 1928

  3. Eimeria atheridis Modry, Necas, Mazuch, and Kamler, 2004
    1. Host: Atheris chlorechis (Western bush viper)
    2. Reference: Modry et al. 2004

  4. Eimeria bitis Fantham, 1932
    1. Host: Bitis arietans (Puff adder)
    2. References: Akinboade and Dipeolu 1982; Fantham 1932; Fantham and Porter 1950, 1954; Paperna and Landsberg 1989; Upton et al. 1993

  5. Eimeria bothropis Lainson, 1968
    1. Host: Bothrops atrox (Yellow-jawed tommigoff)
    2. References: Lainson 1968; Lainson et al. 1986

  6. Eimeria cascabeli Vetterling and Widmer, 1968
    1. Hosts: Crotalus viridis helleri (Southern pacific rattlesnake), Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie rattlesnake)
    2. Reference: Vetterling and Widmer 1968

  7. Eimeria cerastis (Chatton, 1912) Phisalix, 1921
    1. Synonym: Coccidium cerastis Chatton, 1912
    2. non Eimeria cerastis of Phisalix, 1921
    3. Host: Cerastes cerastis (syn. Cerastes cornutus) (Horned viper)
    4. References: Chatton 1912; Phisalix 1921; Vetterling and Widmer 1968

  8. Eimeria crotali Phisalix, 1919
    1. Host: Bitis gabonica (Gaboon viper), Crotalus atrox (Westerm diamondback rattlesnake), Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake)
    2. References: Modry 1998; Phisalix 1919a, 1919b
    3. Remarks: It is likely multiple species of coccidia are being confused

  9. Eimeria crotalviridis Duszynski, Altenbach, Marchiondo, and Speer, 1977
    1. Synonym: Eimeria sp. of Speer and Duszynski, 1974
    2. Host: Crotalus viridis viridis (Prairie rattlesnake)
    3. References: Duszynski et al. 1977; Speer and Duszynski 1974a, 1974b
    4. Remarks: This appears to be a rodent coccidian

  10. Eimeria phisalixae Vetterling and Widmer, 1968
    1. Synonym: Eimeria sp. of Phisalix, 1921
    2. Host: Cerastes cerastes (Horned viper)
    3. References: Chatton 1912; Phisalix 1921; Vetterling and Widmer 1968

  11. Eimeria sp. of Modry, 1998
    1. Host: Macrovipera mauretanica(Moorish viper)
    2. Reference: Modry 1998

  12. Eimeria sp. of Modry, 1998
    1. Host: Vipera ammodytes (Long-nosed viper)
    2. Reference: Modry 1998

  13. Isospora guersae Yakimoff and Matschoulsky, 1937
    1. Host: Vipera lebetina (Levantine viper)
    2. References: Yakimoff and Matschoulsky 1937, 1940

  14. Isospora neivai Pinto and Maciel, 1929
    1. Host: Bothrops jararaca (Jararaca)
    2. Reference: Pinto and Maciel, 1929

The following coccidia were reported as Isospora spp., but are now known to belong to the genus Sarcocystis (see Upton et al. 1992)

Family Boidae

  1. Sarcocystis sp. (Ovezmukhammedov, 1969) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora turkmenica Ovezmukhammedov, 1969
    2. Host: Eryx miliaris (Turkmenian sand boa)
    3. References: Ovezmukhammedov 1969a, 1969b, 1974; Upton et al. 1992b


Family: Colubridae

  1. Sarcocystis sp. (Davronov, 1985) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora guzarica Davronov, 1985
    2. Host: Coluber karelini (Karelin's snake)
    3. References: Davronov 1985; Upton et al. 1992b

  2. Sarcocystis sp. (Grassi, 1881) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Coccidium sp. of Grassi, 1881
    2. Synonym: Isospora sp. (Grassi, 1881) Hoare, 1933
    3. Host: Coronella austriaca (Smooth snake)
    4. References: Grassi 1881, 1883; Upton et al. 1992b

  3. Sarcocystis sp. (Hagenmuller, 1898) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Diplospora laverani Hagenmuller, 1898
    2. Synonym: Isospora laverani (Hagenmuller, 1898) Sergent, 1902
    3. Synonym: Isospora layerani of Prasad, 1963, lapsus
    4. Synonym: Lucetina laverani (Hagenmuller, 1898) Henry and Leblois, 1926
    5. Host: Malpolon monspessulanus (Montpellier snake)
    6. References: Hagenmuller 1898; Henry and Leblois 1926; Sergent 1902; Upton et al. 1992b

  4. Sarcocystis sp (Lainson and Shaw, 1973) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora decipiens Lainson and Shaw, 1973
    2. Host: Philodryas olfersii (Cobra verde)
    3. References: Lainson and Shaw 1973; Upton et al. 1992b

  5. Sarcocystis sp (Matsubayashi, 1936) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora sp. of Matsybayashi, 1936
    2. Host: Elaphe climacophora (Japanese ratsnake)
    3. References: Matsubayashi 1936, 1937; Upton et al. 1992b

  6. Sarcocystis sp. (Ray and Singh, 1948) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora dirumpens of Ray and Singh, 1948
    2. Host: Amphiesma platyseps (Keelback)
    3. References: Ray and Singh 1948, 1949; Upton et al. 1992b

  7. Sarcocystis sp. 1 (Roudabush, 1937) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora dirumpens var americana Roudabush, 1937, pro parte
    2. Synonym: Isospora roudabushi Pellerdy, 1974, pro parte
    3. Host: Coluber constrictor (Racer)
    4. References: Pellerdy 1974; Roudabush 1937; Upton et al. 1992b

  8. Sarcocystis sp. 2 (Roudabush, 1937) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora dirumpens var americana Roudabush, 1937, pro parte
    2. Synonym: Isospora roudabushi Pellerdy, 1974, pro parte
    3. Host: Elaphe obsoleta (Rat snake)
    4. References: Pellerdy 1974; Roudabush 1937; Upton et al. 1992b

  9. Sarcocystis sp. 3 (Roudabush, 1937) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora dirumpens var americana Roudabush, 1937, pro parte
    2. Host: Elaphe vulpina (Fox snake)
    3. References: Roudabush 1937; Upton et al. 1992b

  10. Sarcocystis sp. 4 (Roudabush, 1937) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora dirumpens var americana Roudabush, 1937, pro parte
    2. Synonym: Isospora roudabushi Pellerdy, 1974, pro parte
    3. Host: Pituophis catenifer (Gopher snake)
    4. References: Pellerdy 1974; Roudabush 1937; Upton et al. 1992b

  11. Sarcocystis sp. (Van Peenen and Birdwell, 1968) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora crotali of Van Peenen and Birdwell, 1968
    2. Host: Lampropeltis getuus (Common kingsnake)
    3. References: Upton et al. 1992b; Van Peenen and Birdwell 1968

  12. Sarcocystis sp. 2 (Wacha and Christiansen 1975) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora sp. of Wacha and Christiansen, 1975
    2. Host: Arizona elegans (Glossy snake)
    3. References: Upton et al. 1992b; Wacha and Christiansen 1975

  13. Sarcocystis sp. 3 (Wacha and Christiansen 1975) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora sp. of Wacha and Christiansen, 1975
    2. Host: Coluber constrictor (Racer)
    3. References: Upton et al. 1992b; Wacha and Christiansen 1975

  14. Sarcocystis sp. 4 (Wacha and Christiansen 1975) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora sp. of Wacha and Christiansen, 1975
    2. Host: Pituophis melanoleucus (Pine snake)
    3. References: Upton et al. 1992b; Wacha and Christiansen 1975


Family: Elapidae

  1. Sarcocystis sp. (Fantham, 1932) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora naiae Fantham, 1932
    2. Host: Naja nivea (Cape cobra)
    3. References: Fantham 1932; Fantham and Porter 1954; Upton et al. 1992b

  2. Sarcocystis sp. (Mitra and Das Gupta, 1937) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora minuta Mitra and Das Gupta, 1937
    2. Host: Naja naja (Asian cobra)
    3. References: Upton et al. 1992b


Family: Viperidae (old world viperids)

  1. Sarcocystis sp. (Bovee, 1962) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora crotali of Bovee, 1952
    2. Host: Crotalus adamanteus (Eastern diamondback rattlesnake)
    3. References: Bovee 1952; Upton et al. 1992

  2. Sarcocystis sp. (Fantham and Porter, 1954) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora naiae of Fantham and Porter, 1954
    2. Host: Crotalus horridus (Timber rattlesnake)
    3. References: Fantham and Porter 1954; Upton et al. 1992b

  3. Sarcocystis sp. (Hoare, 1933) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora dirumpens Hoare, 1933
    2. Host: Bitis arietans (Puff adder)
    3. References: Hoare 1933; Upton et al. 1992b

  4. Sarcocystis sp. (Leger, 1904) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Diplospora fragilis Leger, 1904
    2. Synonym: Isospora fragilis (Leger, 1904) Lavier, 1941
    3. Host: Vipera aspis (European asp)
    4. References: Lavier 1941; Leger 1904, 1911; Upton et al. 1992b

  5. Sarcocystis sp. (of Marcus, 1981) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: "Coccidian" of Marcus, 1981
    2. Host: Crotalus sp. (a rattlesnake)
    3. References: Marcus 1981; Upton et al. 1992b

  6. Sarcocystis sp. (Ovezmukhammedov, 1968) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora ashkhabadensis Ovezmukhammedov, 1968
    2. Host: Vipera lebetina (Blunt nosed viper)
    3. References: Ovezmukhammedov 1968b, 1969b, 1971, 1974; Upton et al. 1992b

  7. Sarcocystis sp. (Pinto, 1934) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora lenti Pinto, 1934
    2. Host: Bothrops jararaca (Jararaca)
    3. References: Pinto 1934; Upton et al. 1992b

  8. Sarcocystis sp. (Prasad, 1963) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora dirumpens of Prasad, 1963
    2. Synonym: Isospora dirumpens var. americana of Prasad, 1963
    3. Host: Vipera ammodytes (Sand viper)
    4. References: Prasad 1963; Upton et al. 1992b

  9. Sarcocystis sp. (Speer and Duszynski, 1974) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora dirumpens of Speer and Duszynski, 1974
    2. Host: Crotalus viridis (Western rattlesnake)
    3. References: Speer and Duszynski 1974a, 1974b; Upton et al. 1992b

  10. Sarcocystis sp. (Triffit, 1925) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Cryptosporidium crotali Triffit, 1925
    2. Synonym: Isospora crotali (Triffit, 1925) Hoare, 1933
    3. Host: Crotalus viridis (Western rattlensake)
    4. References: Becker 1956; Hoare 1933; Triffit 1925; Upton et al. 1992b

  11. Sarcocystis sp. 1 (Wacha and Christiansen, 1975) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora sp. Wacha and Christiansen, 1975
    2. Host: Agkistrodon contortrix (Copperhead)
    3. References: Lindsay et al. 1991; Wacha and Christiansen 1975; Upton et al. 1992b

  12. Sarcocystis sp. 5 (Wacha and Christiansen, 1975) Upton, McAllister, Trauth and Bibb, 1992
    1. Synonym: Isospora sp. Wacha and Christiansen, 1975
    2. Host: Sistrurus catenatus (Massasauga)
    3. Reference: Upton et al. 1992b; Wacha and Christiansen 1975


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