Punishment often uses fear to foster an external locus of control
First, there are punishments. A parent or teacher who depends on the use of punishment to achieve control over children undermines the self-respect of children by gradually leading them to conclude that avoidance of punishment is the primary reason to behave properly. They conclude that being nice to one’s sister is the right thing to do because if they are not, they will be punished. This form of guidance is based on fear.